Second

(1) A small structure that helps channel surface water to drains, frequently located in a valley, and often constructed like a small hip roof or like a pyramid with a diamond shape base; (2) A relatively small, raised substrate or structure constructed to channel or direct surface water to drains or off the roof. A saddle may be located between drains or in a valley, and is often constructed like a small hip roof or like a pyramid with a diamond shaped base. See CRICKET.

(1) A felt that has been partially saturated with low softening point bitumen; (2) A felt that has been immersed in hot bitumen; (3) An asphalt-impregnated felt used as an underlayment between the deck and the roofing material.

Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.

See STYRENE BUTADIENE STYRENE.

Shaped by grinding.

The process of striking off excess concrete to bring the top surface of the concrete to the proper finish and elevation.

An apparatus with circular apertures for separating sizes of materials.

(1) A thin reinforcing mat usually nonwoven and normally made of glass or polyester fiber; (2) A woven, non-woven or knitted fabric, composed of continuous strands of material used for reinforcing or strengthening membranes. Scrim may be incorporated into a membrane by the laminating or coating process.

(1) Channel through parapet, designed for peripheral drainage of the roof, usually as safety overflow system to limit accumulation of ponded rainwater caused by clogged drains; (2) An opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain from a roof.

(1) A hatch that provides access to the roof from the interior of the building; (2) Curbed opening, with hinged or loose cover, providing access to roof (synonymous with hatch).

Steel Deck Institute.

(1) A generic term for a function that prevents or controls the passage of water; (2) A narrow closure strip made of bituminous materials; (3) To secure a roof or structure from the entry of moisture.

(1) A single- or multi-component polymeric or bituminous-based material used to weatherproof many types of construction joints where moderate movement is expected. The material comes in various grades: pourable, self-leveling, non-sag, gun grade, and cured or uncured tapes; (2) A mixture of polymers, fillers, and pigments used to fill and seal joints where moderate movement is expected; it cures to a resilient solid.

A rubber or neoprene washer, sometimes metal-backed, typically assembled on a fastener to prevent water from migrating into and through the fastener hole.

(1) A lap or area of juncture for two separate sheets; (2) A joint formed by mating two separate sections of material. Seams may be made or sealed in a variety of ways, including adhesive bonding, hot-air welding, solvent welding, using adhesive tape, sealant, etc

The force or stress required to separate or rupture a seam in the membrane material.

A membrane that can adhere to a substrate and to itself at overlaps without the use of an additional adhesive. The undersurface of a self-adhering membrane is protected by a release paper or film, which prevents the membrane from bonding to itself during shipping and handling.

A fastener that drills and taps its own hold during applications.

Property of the least viscous roofing bitumens, notably coal tar pitch, that enables them to seal cracks formed at lower temperatures.

Shingles containing factory-applied strips or spots of self-sealing adhesive.

A fastener that forms receiving threads when turned into a previously drilled hole.

A membrane manufactured from compounds that are thermoplastic during manufacture and installation, but whose polymers eventually cross-link and cure during exposure.

(1) A sheet edge or edging that differs from the main part of a fabric, granule surfaced roll roofing material, or the finished roof sheet; (2) An edge or edging that differs from the main part of a fabric, granule-surfaced roll roofing or cap sheet or other material; (3) A specially defined edge of the material (lined for demarcation), which is designed for some special purpose, such as overlapping or seaming.

An edge designed for certain sheet good materials, e.g., mineral surfaced sheets. With mineral surfaced sheet, the surfacing is omitted over a portion of the longitudinal edge of the sheet (e.g., mineral surface cap sheet) in order to obtain better adhesion of the overlapping sheet.

(1) A lapped joint designed for mineral-surfaced cap sheets. The mineral surfacing is omitted over a small portion of the longitudinal edge of the sheet below in order to obtain better adhesion of the lapped cap sheet with the bituminous adhesive; (2) Lapped joint detail for two ply, shingled roll roofing membrane, with mineral surfacing omitted over a transverse dimension of the cap sheets to improve mopping adhesion. For a 36 inch wide sheet, the selvage (unsurfaced) width is 19".

Slight differences in shingle color that may occur as a result of normal manufacturing operations.

The product design concept originated by CertainTeed that was the original laminated shingle. The Shangle features a full size, one piece shingle as a base. Individual shingle tabs or overlay pads are applied to this base shingle providing a dimensional look to the roof.

(1) An upward-curled felt side lap or end lap; (2) Curled felt projecting up through the aggregate surfacing of a built up membrane.

Exterior grade boards used as a roof deck material.

The stress required to disrupt a seam or bonded joint or attachment by forcing the substrate material to slide out from the overlying material or vice versa.

See METAL FLASHING.

A roof containing only one sloping plane. Has no hips, ridges, valleys or gables.

(1) A small unit of prepared roofing material designed for installation with similar units in overlapping rows on inclines normally exceeding 25%; (2) To cover with shingles; (3) To apply any sheet material in overlapping rows like shingles.

(1) The procedure of laying parallel felts so that one longitudinal edge of each felt overlaps and the other longitudinal edge underlaps, an adjacent felt. Normally, felts are shingled on a slope so that the water flows over rather than against each lap; (2) The application of shingles to a sloped roof; (3) Pattern formed by laying parallel felt rolls with lapped joints so that one longitudinal edge overlaps the longitudinal edge of one adjacent felt, whereas the other longitudinal edge underlaps the other adjacent felt. Shingling is the normal method of applying felts in a built up roofing membrane. See PLY.

The international symbol for the metric unit (Le Systeme International d'Unites).

The continuous longitudinal overlap of neighboring like materials.

A fastener use to connect adjacent panels together at the side lap.

(1) An apparatus with apertures for separating sizes of material; (2) An apparatus with uniform sized openings for separating sizes of material.

Any of the organopolysiloxanes (silicone derivative) applied to masonry materials for Dampproofing or repelling water.

The bottom horizontal framing member of an opening, such as below a window or door.

Roofing material that provides one layer over the substrate to which it is applied.

A nominal description of roofing membranes completely installed in one application effort. The single ply membrane may be homogeneous or composite in nature.

(1) Membrane, either sheet or fluid applied, with only a single layer of material, designed to prevent water intrusion into the building; (2) Roofing membranes that are field applied using just one layer of membrane material (either homogeneous or composite) rather than multiple layers.

A roofing system in which the principal roof covering is a single layer flexible membrane, often of thermoset, thermoplastic or polymer modified bituminous compounds.

Generally, there are six types of single-ply roofing systems: 1) Fully adhered, 2) Loose-laid, 3) Mechanically-fastened, 4) Partially-adhered, 5) Protected membrane roof, and 6) Self adhering.

Curved cracks observed in smooth-surfaced built-up membranes.

A roof accessory, set over an opening in the roof, designed to admit light. Normally transparent, and mounted on a raised framed curb.

(1) A hard, air-cooled aggregate that is left as a residue from blast furnaces, which may be used as a surfacing material on certain (typically bituminous) roof membrane systems. It is used as a surfacing aggregate and should be surface dry and free of sand, clay, or other foreign substances at the time of application; (2) Porous aggregate used as built-up bituminous membrane surfacing comprising silicates and alumino-silicates of calcium and other bases, developed with iron in a blast furnace.

(1) Relative lateral movement of adjacent components of a built up roof membrane. It occurs mainly in roofing membranes on a slope, sometimes exposing the lower plies or even the base sheet to the weather; (2) Relative lateral movement of adjacent felt plies in a built up membrane. Occurs mainly in sloped roofing membranes, exposing the lower plies, or even the base sheet, to the weather.

(1) Sheet material placed between two layers of a roofing system to assure that there is no adhesion between them; (2) Sheet material, such a reinforced kraft paper, rosin-sized paper, polyester scrim or polyethylene sheeting, placed between two components of a roof assembly (such as between membrane and insulation or deck) to ensure that no adhesion occurs between them, and to prevent possible damage from chemical incompatibility, wearing or abrasion of the membrane.

(1) The degree of roof incline expressed as the ratio of the rise, in inches, to the run, in feet; (2) The angle of incline, usually expressed as a ratio of rise to run or as a percent. (3) The tangent of the angle between the roof surface and the horizontal. It is measured in inches per foot. The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturer's Association (ARMA) ranks slope as follows:

Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc., Vienna, VA.

(1) A built up roof membrane surfaced with a layer of hot mopped asphalt, cold applied asphalt clay emulsion, cold applied, asphalt cutback, or sometimes with an unmopped inorganic felt; (2) A roof membrane without mineral granule or aggregate surfacing.

A load imposed on buildings or other structures due to snowfall (categorized as live or environmental load).

(1) The finished underside of the eaves; (2) The enclosed underside of any exterior overhanging section of a roof eave.

A premanufactured or custom built air inlet source located at the downslope eave or in the soffit of a roof assembly.

(1) The temperature at which bitumen becomes soft enough to flow, as determined by an arbitrary, closely defined method (ASTM Standard test method D 36 or D 3641). The softening point of asphalt is measured by the "ring and ball" test (ASTM Standard D 2398). The softening point of coal tar pitch is measured by the "cube in water" test (ASTM Standard D61); (2) Temperature at which bitumen becomes soft enough to flow, as measured standard laboratory test in which a steel ball flows through a measured distance through a disk made of the tested bitumen.

A change in the softening point of bitumen during storage or application. See DROPBACK and FALLBACK.

(1) A vent pipe that penetrates the roof; (2) A sanitation pipe that penetrates the roof; used to vent plumbing fixtures.

A continuous mopping of a surface, leaving no unmopped areas. See MOPPING.

(1) A substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute) into a form which is uniformly dispersed in a mixture (solution). Water is the most common of all solvents. Organic solvents are used primarily in chemical coatings and industrial cleaner applications; (2 A liquid used to dissolve or disperse film-forming constituents, and which evaporates during drying and odes not become a part of the dried film.

Used to clean some single-ply roofing membranes prior to splicing, typically including heptane, hexane, white gasoline, and unleaded gasoline.

A process where a liquid solvent is used to chemically weld or joint together two or more layers of certain membrane materials (usually thermoplastic).

A condition in which the outer layer or layers of masonry or concrete material begin to break off or flake away.

A roofing asphalt that has a softening point of approximately 223? F (104? C) and that conforms to the requirements of ASTM Standard D 312, Type IV. See ASPHALT.

A statement of requirements for a given job or project. Usually describes products, materials, and processes to be used. A specification may also contain terms of the contract.

The ratio of the density of a material to that of water. The ratio is quoted as a pure number and is more precisely a measure of relative density.

Society of the Plastics Industry

Bonding or joining of overlapping materials. See SEAM.

A metal plate placed underneath the joint between two pieces of metal.

Cured or uncured synthetic rubber tape used for splicing membrane materials.

(1) A membrane tear resulting from tensile strength; (2) A separation in roofing material resulting from movement of the substrate; (3) A rupture (generally linear) or tear in a material or membrane resulting from tensile forces. See CRACK.

A prepared roofing sheet with a 17" granule surfaced exposure and a nongranule-surfaced 19" selvage edge. This material is sometimes referred to as SIS or as Wide Selvage Asphalt Roll Roofing Material Surfaced with Mineral Granules. See NINETEEN-INCH SELVAGE.

A mopping pattern in which hot bitumen is applied in roughly circular areas, generally about an 18" diameter, leaving a grid of unmopped, perpendicular bands on the roof. See MOPPING.

A manufacturing process in which membranes are formed using a liquid compound, prepared in mixers and then fed to individual coaters. The mixture is spread onto a supporting reinforcement base layer. After coating, the material passes through a channel causing it to change from a paste to a solid membrane, in sheet form.

Single Ply Roofing Institute.

A random mopping pattern in which heated bitumen beads are strewn onto the substrate with a brush, broom or mop. See MOPPING.

Heavy steel implement with a dull, bevel-edged blade designed to remove embedded aggregate from a built-up membrane surface (also called scraper).

The process of removing the roofing aggregate and most of the bituminous top coating by scraping and chipping.

A type of nonwoven fabric formed from continuous fiber filaments that are laid down and bonded continuously, without and intermediate step.

A nonwoven fabric made by mechanically bonding a dry-laid staple fabric by water jet, which entangles the individual fibers.

Square

(1) 100 square feet (9.29m2) of roof area; (2) The term used to describe 100 square feet of roof area.

Steel Structures Painting Council

A vertical outlet in a built-up roof system designed to relieve the pressure exerted by moisture vapor between the roof membrane and the vapor retarder or deck.

An alloy of steel that contains a high percentage of chromium. Also may contain nickel or copper. Generally, has very good resistance to corrosion.

A metal roof system that consists of an overlapping or interlocking seam that occurs at an upturned rib. The standing seam may be made by turning up the edges of two adjacent metal panels and overlapping them, then folding or interlocking them in a variety of ways.

The first layer of roofing, applied along a line adjacent to the downslope perimeter of the roof area. With step-slope watershedding and roof coverings, the starter course is covered by the first course.

(1) Felt, ply sheet or membrane strips that are made or cut to widths narrower than the standard width of the roll, used to start the shingling pattern at an edge of the roof; (2) particular width sheets designed for perimeters in some mechanically attached and fully adhered single-ply systems.

Asphalt roofing applied at the eaves that provides protection by filling in the spaces under the cutouts and joints of the first course of shingles.

Normally used as a horizontal supporting member between beams or other structural members, suitable for the support of some roof decks.

A roofing asphalt that has a softening point of approximately 190? F (88? C) and that conforms to the requirements of ASTM Standard D312, Type III. See ASPHALT.

Method of installing asphalt shingles on roof slopes greater than 21" per foot.

(1) Flashing application method used where a vertical surface meets a sloping roof plane; (2) Individual pieces of material used to flash walls, around chimneys, dormers, and such projections along the slope of a roof. Individual pieces are overlapped and stepped up the vertical surface.

(1) A physical unit of measurement used to define the directional change of length per unit length in a material; (2) The dimensionless expression for the elongation of a material under stress. Strain is expressed as the ratio of elongation per unit length.

A method of installing roofing rolls or sheet good materials parallel with the slope of the roof.

A small bubble or blister in the flood coating of a gravel surfaced roof membrane.

The internal resistance of a material to a force per unit area.

A term used in the manufacture of fabric reinforced polymeric sheeting to indicate that two layers of polymer have made bonding contract through the scrim or reinforcement.

(1) The technique of sealing a joint between metal and the built up roof membrane with one or two plies of felt or fabric and hot applied or cold applied bitumen; (2) The technique of sealing the joint between base flashing and membrane plies or between metal and built-up membrane with one or two plies of felt or fabric and hot or cold applied bitumen; (3) The technique of taping joints between insulation boards or deck panels or units; (4) Membrane flashing strips used for sealing or flashing metal flashing flanges into the roof membrane. See TAPING.

A mopping pattern in which hot bitumen is applied to parallel bands. See CHANNEL MOPPING and MOPPING.

Added protection of plastic films sometimes applied to coated or finished metals after the coil coating process. Applied after prime and top coats to resist damage to the finish prior to and during shipping, fabrications, and installation

Application of membrane stripping ply or plies.

Asphalt shingles that are manufactured in strips, approximately three times as long as they are wide.

High molecular weight polymers having rubber-like properties, formed by the random copolymerization of styrene and butadiene monomers.

High molecular weight polymers that have both thermoset and thermoplastic properties, formed by the block copolymerization of styrene and butadiene monomers. These polymers are used as the modifying compound in SBS polymer modified asphalt roofing membranes to impart rubber-like qualities to the asphalt.

(1) The surface upon which the roofing or waterproofing membrane is applied (e.g., in roofing, the structural deck or insulation); (2) Surface (structural deck, insulation, or vapor retarder) upon which the roof membrane is placed. Also, the deck, vapor retarder, or membrane surface upon which insulation, or other roof system component, is placed.

(1) An intentional depression in roof deck around a drain; (2) An intentional depression around a roof drain or scupper that serves to promote drainage.

Loads that are added to existing loads. For example, a large stack of insulation boards placed on top of a structural steel deck.

A patented CertainTeed design in which two 18-inch by 36-inch shingles are laminated together and may feature randomly applied tabs and shadow line accents. The Super Shangle features a full 8-inch exposure versus 5" for most other types of shingles.

A unit of heat flow or heat exchange between a material and the air around it. Ventilation over a surface will decrease the thickness of the air film and reduce the thermal effect (increase the heat flow).

Curing or vulcanization that occurs in a thin layer on the surface of a manufactured polymeric sheet or other items.

Surface dryness can be evaluated qualitatively by taping an 18 inch by 18 inch (0.46 m by 0.46 m) clear 4 mil polyethylene sheet to a concrete surface, and observing the moisture that may collect on the underside of the polyethylene sheet. Additional details of this procedure may be found in ASTM D 4263.

The top layer or layers of a roof covering, specified or designed to protect the underlying roofing from direct exposure to the weather.

Sealant, Waterproofing and Restoration Institute

(1) A manufactured or manmade material (e.g. synthetic rubber vs. natural rubber); (2) Any of several elastic substances resembling natural rubber, prepared by the polymerization of butadiene, isoprene, and other unsaturated hydrocarbons. Synthetic rubber is widely used in the fabrication of single-ply roofing membranes.

A system of interacting roof components (NOT including the roof deck) designed to weatherproof and, normally, to insulate a building's top surface. See ROOF SYSTEM.

System Builders Association