(1) A woven cloth of organic or inorganic fibers treated (or non treated for use in membrane of flashing material; (2) A woven cloth or material of organic or inorganic filaments, threads or yarns used for reinforcement in certain membranes and flashings.

An organization which classifies roof assemblies for their fire characteristics and wind uplift resistance for insurance companies in the United States.

A research and testing organization that classifies roofing components an assemblies for their fire, traffic, impact (hail), weathering, and wind-uplift resistance for four major insurance companies in the United States.

A splice/seam made by the manufacturer during the assembly of sections of materials into large sheets.

108 square feet (10 square meters) of roofing material.

(1) Reduction in bitumen softening point, sometimes caused by refluxing or overheating in a closed container; (2) A reduction in the softening point temperature of asphalt that occurs when asphalt is heated for prolonged periods at elevated temperature. See DROPBACK and SOFTENING POINT DRIFT.

A vertical of steeply sloped roof or trim located at the perimeter of a building. Typically it is a border for the low-slope roof system that waterproofs the interior portions of the building.

Any of a wide variety of mechanical securement devices and assemblies, including nails, screws, cleats, clips and bolts, which may be used to secure various components of a roof assembly.

Tapered wood filler strips placed along the butts of old wood shingles to cerate a level surface when reroofing over existing wood shingle roofs. Also called horsefeathers.

(1) A flexible sheet manufactured by the interlocking of fibers with a binder through a combination of mechanical work, moisture and heat. Felts are manufactured principally from vegetable fibers (organic felts), asbestos fibers (as asbestos felts) or glass fibers (glass fiber felts); other fibers may be present in each type; (2) A flexible sheet manufactured by the interlocking of fibers through a combination of mechanical work, moisture and heat. Roofing felts may be manufactured principally from wood pulp and vegetable fibers (organic felts0, asbestos fibers (asbestos felts), glass fibers (fiberglass felts or ply sheet) or polyester fibers; (3) A fabric manufactured from vegetable fibers (organic felts), asbestos fibers (asbestos felts), or glass fiber (glass fiber felts). The manufacturing process involves mechanically interlocking the fibers of the particular felt material in the presence of moisture and heat; (4) Fibrous material saturated with asphalt and used as an underlayment of sheathing paper.

(1) A machine used for applying bitumen and built-up roofing felts; (2) A mechanical device use for apply bitumen and roofing felt or ply sheet simultaneously; (3) Spreader-type, wheel-mounted equipment for laying felt and simultaneously dispensing hot asphalt in a single operation.

The mass in pounds of 480 square feet of dry, unsaturated felt. See POINT WEIGHT.

Blanket or rigid board insulation, composed of glass fibers bound together with a binder, faced or unfaced, used to insulate roofs and walls. Rigid boards usually have an asphalt and kraft paper facer.

An asphalt roofing base material manufactured from glass fibers.

The central or main portion of a roof, excluding the perimeter and flashing.

A splice or seam made in the field (not factory) where overlapping sheets are joined together using an adhesive, splicing tape or heat- or solvent-welding.

A membrane or sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 10 mils.

A term used to describe a deck surface condition. A sharp raised edge (generally in concrete) capable of damaging a roof membrane or vapor retarder.

A water-insoluble, inorganic material, more than 50% of which passes through a No. 35 sieve. Used on the surface of various roofing materials and membranes to prevent sticking.

Wrinkling of exposed felts in small, finger-sized ridges parallel to the longitudinal direction of the felt roll, caused by transverse moisture expansion of the felt.

(1) A half-cylindrical or half-conical shaped opening or void in a lapped edge or seam usually caused by wrinkling or shifting of ply sheets during installation; (2) In shingles, a half-conical opening formed at a cut edge; (3) Membrane defect consisting of an opening in the edge lap of a felt in a built-up membrane, a consequence of an edge wrinkle; .

Detachment of a uniform layer of a coating or surface material, usually related to internal movement, lack of adhesion or passage of moisture.

Per ASTM E 84, a measure of relative combustibility. The flame spread of a tested material is rated relative to asbestos cement board (flame spread = 0) and red oak flooring (flame spread = 100).

(2) The ability of the membrane to resist combustion and spreading of the flame; (2) The characteristics of a material to burn or support combustion.

The projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component, such as a metal edge flashing flange, skylight flange, flashing boot, structural member, etc.

(1) The system used to seal the edges of a membrane at walls, expansion joints, drains, gravel stops, terminations and other areas where the membrane is interrupted or terminated. Usually a Base Flashing covers the edges of the membrane while a Cap Flashing or Counterflashing is used to shield the upper edges of the base flashing; (2) Connecting devices that seal membrane joints at walls, expansion joints, drains, gravel stops, and other places where the membrane is interrupted. Base Flashing forms the upturned edges of the watertight membrane. Cap Flashing or Counterflashing shields the exposed edges and joints of the base flashing; (3) Pieces of metal or roll roofing used to prevent seepage of water into a building around any intersection or projection in a roof such as vent pipes, chimneys adjoining walls, dormers and valleys. Galvanized metal flashing should be minimum 26 gauge; (4) Components used to weatherproof or seal the roof system edges at perimeters, penetrations, walls, expansion joints, valley, drains, and other places where the roof covering is interrupted or terminated. For example, membrane base flashing covers the edge of the field of the membrane, and cap flashings or counterflashings shield the upper edges of the base flashing. See BASE FLASHING, CAP FLASHING, COUNTERFLASHING and METAL FLASHING.

(1) As used by the roofing industry, an ASTM D 2822 Type II roof cement that is a trowelable mixture of solvent based bitumen and mineral stabilizers that may include asbestos or other inorganic or organic fibers. Generally, flashing cement is characterized as vertical grade, which indicates it is intended for use on vertical surfaces; (2) A trowelable mixture of cutback bitumen and mineral stabilizers, including asbestos or other inorganic fibers; (3) Trowelable, plastic mixture of bitumen and asbestos (or other inorganic) reinforcing fibers and a solvent (a stiffer more sag resistant material than plastic cement). See ASPHALT PLASTIC ROOFING CEMENT, ASPHALT ROOF CEMENT, ASPHALT MASTIC, MASTIC, PLASTIC CEMENT and ROOF CEMENT.

An accessory flashing used to cover and/or seal soil pipe vents and other penetrations through the roof. Also referred to as Roof Jack or Flashing Boot.

Temperature at which a test flame ignites the vapors above a liquid surface

A roofing asphalt that has a softening point of approximately 170? F (77? C) and an aggregate surfaced built-up roof, which conforms to the requirements of ASTM D 312, Type II. See ASPHALT.

Mats or felts composed of fibers (usually non-woven polyester fibers), often used as a membrane backer.

(1) The top layer of bitumen into which the aggregate is embedded on an aggregate-surfaced built-up roof; (2) The surfacing layer of bitumen into which surfacing aggregate is embedded on an aggregate-surfaced built-up roof. A flood coat is generally thicker and heavier than a glaze coat, and is applied at approximately 45-60 pounds per square (2-3 kilograms per meter).

The procedure where a controlled amount of water is temporarily retained over a horizontal surface to determine the effectiveness of the waterproofing.

(1) An elastomeric material, which is fluid at ambient temperature, that dries or cures after application to form a continuous membrane. Such systems normally do not incorporate reinforcement; (2) A liquid elastomeric material that cures after application to form a continuous waterproofing membrane.

The fatigue action of a single-ply membrane may experience in high wind situations, causing a complete stress reversal to occur rapidly; temperature may influence the flutter fatigue resistance of the membrane material.

Bituminous material used as a feed stock for further processing and as a material to soften other bituminous materials.

An abbreviation of Factory Mutual; an insurance industry standards setting laboratory (Norwood, MA). See FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH CORPORATION.

An action that changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion.

A machine for making paper in an endless web.

Forest Products Laboratory

An opening in a wall or roof of a building, surrounded by structural framing, usually for field installed accessories such as skylights or ventilators.

Foot

See ALGAE DISCOLORATION.